Neophyllaphis (Chileaphis) cuschensis Nieto Nafría and Delfino, sp. nov

Apterous Viviparous Females (Fig. 1). Based on 73 specimens, 38 measured. Body length 1.47-2.25 mm and 1.9-2.7 times hind tibia. Brown when alive, including legs and antennae; thorax and abdomen covered in ash-colored waxy powder, more or less intensively and extensively. Setae generally short, robust, and pointed; ventral setae longer than respective dorsal ones; a few setae present on dorsum of Abd8 and cauda much longer and finer than the rest (Table 1).

Head (Fig. 1B) well-pigmented (dark brown when mounted) bearing numerous dorsal setae (no fewer than 15). Its maximal width, including eyes, 1.2-1.7 times AntIII. Front gently convex. Compound eyes complete. Antennae 0.83-1.28 mm and 0.5-0.7 times body; proximal segments as pigmented as head becoming darker towards apex, though proximal 1/2 AntIII can be slightly less pigmented (Fig. 1A). AntI, AntII and approximately ventral 1/4 and dorsal 1/2-3/4 AntIII smooth; rest of antenna spinulose (Fig. 1C). AntIII 0.27-0.46 mm, 1.6-2.3 times AntIV (0.12-0.21 mm) and 1.6-2.2 AntVI. AntV 0.15-0.23 mm. AntVIb 0.14-0.19 mm and 4.6-10.0 times AntVIpt (0.02-0.03 mm). Rostrum surpassing middle coxae, even reaching hind coxae. Apical rostral segment pigmented (Fig. 1D) as anterior segment and head, 0.08-0.11 mm, 0.4-0.5 times hind second tarsal segment; with edges almost parallel, some scattered spinules and few complementary setae (4 at most).

Prothorax (Fig. 1B) separated from head by pale, fine, irregular line and normally as pigmented as head; marginal papillae absent. Legs completely pigmented, like head, most proximal part of tibia almost black. Hind femur and tibia 0.39-0.58 and 0.63-0.93 mm, respectively. First segment of tarsi with several ventral setae, lacking dorsal setae (Fig. 1E). Second segment of hind tarsi 0.18-0.23 mm.

Mesothorax to AbdVII bearing dorsal setiferous sclerites; marginal sclerites of AbdVII and sometimes those on mesothorax may be joined together. Stigmatic sclerites well-pigmented. Siphunculi almost as dark as head, with one proximal part tapering, 0.06-0.14 mm basal width × 0.02-0.04 mm high, bearing 10 to 19 setae, and one distal part cylindrical, 0.01-0.02 mm high × 0.03-0.06 mm wide at opening, with spines annularly ranged (Fig. 1F). AbdVIII dorsum with wide transversal band, almost as pigmented as head, with anterior spinal notch and bearing spines in transversal lines and approximately not aligned 20 setae of different lengths, short and long (Table 1). Setiferous sclerites on ventral side of abdomen, much smaller than dorsal ones. Genital and anal plates dark. Cauda (Fig. 1G) 0.12-0.26 mm, 1.1-1.7 times its basal width, with two easily distinguishable parts separated by strongly pronounced waist; proximal part tapering, 0.08-0.14 mm and 0.4-0.5 times total length of cauda; terminal knob subspherical (0.8-1.4 times as wide as long), 0.7-1.3 times as wide as basal width of cauda and 2.7-5.3 times as wide as the waist; distal part of terminal knob (to 1/2 its length) much less and progressively sclerotized and pigmented than proximal part; it has (20)26-37(43) setae of various lengths, short and long (Table 1), 2-7(10) dorsal.

Alate Viviparous Females (Fig. 2). Based on 8 specimens. Body length 2.05-2.38 mm and relatively similar to apterous viviparous females, so the following includes differentiating characters only, excluding obvious differences in the sclerotization of the thorax and presence of wings (Fig. 2A).

Maximal width of head, including eyes, 0.7-0.8 times AntIII. Antennae 1.53-2.02 mm and 0.7-0.8 times body, as pigmented as head. Entire length of dorsal face of AntIII spinulate, 80-90% of length of ventral face bearing 31-50 narrow transverse secondary sensoria (Fig. 2C), the biggest being semi-annular. AntIII 0.59-0.75 mm, 1.8-2.1 times AntIV (0.30-0.43 mm) and 2.8-3.2 AntVI. AntV 0.28-0.38 mm. AntVIb (Fig. 2D) 0.18-0.23 mm and 6.0-9.5 times AntVIpt (0.02-0.04 mm). Apical rostral segment 0.10 mm. Prothorax with a pigmented dorsal arch and without marginal papillae (Fig. 2B). Legs as dark as head. Hind femur and tibia 0.63-0.68 and 1.01-1.11 mm, respectively. Second segment of hind tarsi 0.21-0.23 mm (Fig. 2F). Stigmatic sclerites and intersegmental sclerites present. AbdI bearing marginal plates with a small tuberculiforme projection (Fig. 2A detail) and trapezoid spinal plate with uneven edges; all bearing spinules more or less set out in lines. AbdII-AbdVII with spinal plate going from trapezoidal to rectangular in shape, and some setiferous pleural and marginal sclerites, that may be joined together. AbdVIII with transverse band, also spinulate. Small scattered setiferous sclerites present on ventral side of abdomen. Siphunculi 0.11-0.16 mm with at base and with 10-19 setae (Fig. 2G). Cauda 0.18-0.22 mm long (proximal part 0.08-0.12 mm), 1.7-2.0 times its width at base, maximal width of knob 0.8-1.0 times its length and 2.0-2.7 times width the waist; membranous terminal area absent or very small and dorsally placed (Fig. 2H); with 21-30(36) setae (Table 1), 1-4 of which at most dorsal (Fig. 2I).

Bionomics and Distribution. The specimens form compact groups on young branches of Podocarpus glomeratus (in Peru named “romerillo” and “intimpa”) and, to date, only are known in Cusco (Peru). Its distribution very likely coincides with that of the host plant, which also is found in Ecuador and Bolivia. The presence of oviparous females, which we were unable to study due to their deteriorated state of preservation, confirms that it is holocyclic.

Types. The holotype is the apterous viviparous female “PER-23, áp 15” collected on Podocarpus glomeratus in Cusco, 26-VII-2006, Mier Durante and Nieto Nafría leg., deposited in the collection of the University of León (León, Spain). The paratypes are 29 apterous viviparous females and 4 alate viviparous females collected with the holotype; 35 apterous viviparous females collected at the same plant and place, 14-II-2007, A. Rodríguez Berrio and I. Tisoc Dueñas leg.; and 8 apterous viviparous females and 4 alate viviparous females collected on same plant in Cusco at the University Campus, 22-XI-1994, Delfino leg.; they are deposited in the collections of the authors, “Klauss Raven Büller” Museum of Entomology, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Lima, Peru), U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution aphid collection (Washington D.C., U.S.A.), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) and The Natural History Museum (London, U.K.).

Neophyllaphis (Chileaphis) iuiuyensis Mier Durante and Ortego sp. nov

Apterous Viviparous Female (Fig. 3). Based on 7 specimens. Body length: 1.72-2.50 mm and 2.0-2.8 times hind tibia. When alive, pale green with longitudinal bands of varying intensity, pale-yellowish legs and antennae; thorax and abdomen very lightly covered in ash-colored waxy powder. Setae generally short (Table 1), relatively thick and pointed; ventral ones longer than the respective dorsal ones; a few of the setae on the dorsum of Abd8 and on the cauda much longer and finer than the rest.

Head (Fig. 3A) delicately pigmented (pale creamy yellow when mounted) with numerous dorsal setae (no fewer than 15). Its maximal width, including eyes, 1.1-1.5 times AntIII. Front gently convex. Compound eyes complete. Antennae 1.22-1.41 mm and 0.5-0.7 times body, basally pigmented as head and getting darker towards apex. AntI, AntII and approximately ventral 1/6 and dorsal 1/2-3/4 of AntIII smooth (Fig. 3C); rest of the antenna spinulate. AntIII 0.38-0.49 mm, 1.6-1.8 times AntIV (0.24-0.28 mm) and 1.9-2.4 AntVI. AntV 0.24-0.28 mm. AntVIb 0.15-0.19 mm and 4.3-6.0 times AntVIpt (0.02-0.04 mm). Rostrum surpassing middle coxae. Apical rostral segment (Fig. 3D) 0.09-0.10 mm, 0.3-0.4 times second segment of hind tarsi, pigmented as anterior segment and somewhat more than head, with edges almost parallel, some scattered spinules and few complementary setae (no more than 4).

Legs slightly more pigmented than head, tarsi slightly darker. Hind femur and tibia 0.58-0.62 and 0.82-0.91 mm, respectively. First segment of tarsi (Fig. 3E) with several ventral setae and without dorsal setae. Second segment of hind tarsi 0.24-0.27 mm.

Prothorax separated from head by fine, pale irregular line, somewhat enlarged on both sides; marginal papillae absent (Fig. 3B). Body dorsum completely pale, frequently no sclerites discernible. Siphunculi (Fig. 3F) slightly paler than head, but distinguishable from outline, its proximal part wide and tapering (0.10-0.13 mm basal width × 0.02-0.03 mm high) and with 10 to 16 setae, the cylindrical distal part 0.01 mm high and 0.04-0.06 mm wide at the opening. AbdVIII dorsum with about 10-15 setae, not aligned and varying in length, short and long (Table 1). Genital and anal plates more or less as pigmented as head. Cauda 0.08-0.19 mm, 0.9-1.1 times its basal width, with two easily distinguishable parts separated by a waist (Fig. 3G); proximal part tapering, 0.07-0.09 mm and 0.4-0.5 times total length of cauda; knob subspherical (maximal width 1.2-1.7 times its length), 0.8-1.2 times as wide as basal width of cauda and 2.2-3.0 times width the waist. Distal part of knob (to 1/2 its length) less sclerotized than proximal part and even less pigmented. Cauda with 16-30 setae of different lengths, short and long (Table 1) with 0-4 dorsal; membranous part lacking setae except for areas near the limit with sclerotized part.

Alate Viviparous Females (Fig. 4 A-H). Based on 40 specimens. Body length 1.94-2.85 mm and relatively similar to apterous viviparous females, so the following contains differentiating characters only, excluding the obvious differences in sclerotization on the thorax and the presence of wings (Fig. 4A).

When alive, head and thorax brown, abdomen green with longitudinal brown band, both covered in light ash-colored powder; legs and antennae brown. Maximum width of head, including eyes, 0.7-0.8 times AntIII. Antennae 1.66-2.16 mm and 0.7-0.9 times body, as pigmented as head. Entire length of dorsal face of AntIII spinulate, 31 to 64 narrow transverse secondary sensoria (the biggest being semi-annular) occupying 79-91% length of ventral face (Fig. 4C). AntIII 0.58-0.76 mm, 1.3-1.8 times AntIV (0.33-0.44 mm) and 2.5-3.2 AntVI. AntV 0.34-0.44 mm. AntVIb 0.17-0.24 mm and 5.2-7.7 times AntVIpt (0.03-0.04 mm) (Fig. 4D). Apical rostral segment 0.08-0.10 mm. Prothorax (Fig. 4B) with spinal-pleural plate and 2 marginal plates; marginal papillae absent. Legs more or less homogenously brown. Hind femur and tibia 0.68-0.81 and 1.04-1.26 mm, respectively. Second segment of hind tarsi 0.22-0.28 mm (Fig. 4F). Stigmatic sclerites present and intersegmental sclerites absent. AbdI bearing marginal plates with small tuberculiform projection (Fig. 4A detail) and a trapezoidal spinal-pleural plate with very uneven edges; AbdII-(AbdIV)AbdVI(AbdVII) with spinal or spinal-pleural plates; all exhibiting spinules more or less set out in lines; if plates absent setiferous spinal sclerites are present and sometimes partially joined together. AbdVIII with a narrow transverse band, spinulose. In addition small scattered setiferous sclerites also sometimes present on dorsum and ventral side of abdomen. Siphunculi 0.08-0.15 mm diameter at base and with 6-16 setae (Fig. 4G). Cauda 0.14-0.19 mm long (proximal part 0.06-0.09 mm) and 0.8-1.1 times width at base, maximal knob width 1.0-1.7 times its length and 1.3-2.4 times waist width (Fig. 4H); terminal membranous area absent or very small; it has 10-26 setae, 0-4 of which dorsal (Table 1).

Oviparous Alate Females (Fig. 4 I-J). Based on 11 specimens. Body length 2.20-2.53 mm and similar to apterous viviparous females, so only the differential characters are given below.

Antennae 1.86-2.15 mm and 0.7-0.9 times body. AntIII 2.4-3.1 times AntVI with 21-41 secondary sensoria not reaching distal 11-21% of segment, AntIV and AntV 0.41-0.49 and 0.38-0.45 mm, respectively. Apical rostral segment 0.07-0.10 mm. Legs brown but less pigmented than head, especially coxae, trochanters and proximal part of femora. Hind tibiae (Fig. 4I) not expanded and bearing 20-55 scent plates (very exceptionally, 1 leg of 1 specimen with 1). Middle tibiae sometimes with scent plates, 5 at most. AbdVIII with setiferous sclerites separated or grouped together. Genital plate very large, transversal-rectangular, pale in median-anterior region and almost black in an sinuate posterior part, with small club-shaped setae at the edge (Fig. 4J). Cauda with semicircular outline, with microsculpture developed at a diffused reticulate pattern, a small, strongly scabrous protruberance on lower-side of cauda and approximately 20 to 60 setae (Fig. 4J).

Alate Males. Based on 9 specimens. Body length 2.00-2.35 mm, relatively similar to alate viviparous females, so only differential characters are given below, excluding the obvious differences such as genital plate absent and male genitalia present.

Maximum width of head, including eyes, 0.6-0.7 times AntIII. Antennae 2.10-2.30 mm and 1.0-1.1 times body. AntIII, AntIV, AntV and AbtVIb, respectively 0.73-0.84, 0.47-0.53, 0.44-0.48, 0.23-0.26 and 0.04 mm long with 68-96, 13-25, 11-20 and 2-5 almost rectangular secondary sensoria set out transversely. Hind femur and tibia 0.68-0.81 and 1.04-1.26 mm, respectively. Second segment of hind tarsi 0.22-0.27 mm. Cauda 0.12-0.16 mm long, with its proximal part 0.05-0.07 mm long.

Bionomics and Distribution. The species forms compact groups on young branches of the conifer Podocarpus parlatorei (named “pino del cerro” in Argentina) and is currently known only in San Salvador de Jujuy (Jujuy, Argentina). Its distribution may well coincide with that of the host plant, which is present in several Argentinean provinces and Bolivia. The species is holocyclic.

Types. The holotype is the apterous viviparous female “ARG-1197, áp 5”, collected on Podocarpus parlatorei in San Salvador de Jujuy, Los Perales Botanic Park, 8-XI-2006, Mier Durante, Ortego and Nieto Nafría leg., deposited in the collection of the University of León (León, Spain). The paratypes are 6 apterous viviparous females, 40 alate viviparous females, 11 alate oviparous females and 9 alate males, collected with the holotype and deposited in the collections of the authors and in the “Klauss Raven Büller” Entomology Museum, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Lima, Peru), U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution aphid collection (Washington D.C., U.S.A.), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France) and The Natural History Museum (London, U.K.).